Is there any way to kill a Thread?

It is generally a bad pattern to kill a thread abruptly, in Python, and in any language. Think of the following cases:

• the thread is holding a critical resource that must be closed properly
• the thread has created several other threads that must be killed as well.

The nice way of handling this, if you can afford it (if you are managing your own threads), is to have an exit_request flag that each thread checks on a regular interval to see if it is time for it to exit.

For example:

import threadingclass StoppableThread(threading.Thread):    """Thread class with a stop() method. The thread itself has to check    regularly for the stopped() condition."""    def __init__(self,  *args, **kwargs):        super(StoppableThread, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)        self._stop_event = threading.Event()    def stop(self):        self._stop_event.set()    def stopped(self):        return self._stop_event.is_set()

In this code, you should call stop() on the thread when you want it to exit, and wait for the thread to exit properly using join(). The thread should check the stop flag at regular intervals.

There are cases, however, when you really need to kill a thread. An example is when you are wrapping an external library that is busy for long calls, and you want to interrupt it.

The following code allows (with some restrictions) to raise an Exception in a Python thread:

def _async_raise(tid, exctype):    '''Raises an exception in the threads with id tid'''    if not inspect.isclass(exctype):        raise TypeError("Only types can be raised (not instances)")    res = ctypes.pythonapi.PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc(ctypes.c_long(tid),                                                     ctypes.py_object(exctype))    if res == 0:        raise ValueError("invalid thread id")    elif res != 1:        # "if it returns a number greater than one, you're in trouble,        # and you should call it again with exc=NULL to revert the effect"        ctypes.pythonapi.PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc(ctypes.c_long(tid), None)        raise SystemError("PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc failed")class ThreadWithExc(threading.Thread):    '''A thread class that supports raising an exception in the thread from       another thread.    '''    def _get_my_tid(self):        """determines this (self's) thread id        CAREFUL: this function is executed in the context of the caller        thread, to get the identity of the thread represented by this        instance.        """        if not self.isAlive():            raise threading.ThreadError("the thread is not active")        # do we have it cached?        if hasattr(self, "_thread_id"):            return self._thread_id        # no, look for it in the _active dict        for tid, tobj in threading._active.items():            if tobj is self:                self._thread_id = tid                return tid        # TODO: in python 2.6, there's a simpler way to do: self.ident        raise AssertionError("could not determine the thread's id")    def raiseExc(self, exctype):        """Raises the given exception type in the context of this thread.        If the thread is busy in a system call (time.sleep(),        socket.accept(), ...), the exception is simply ignored.        If you are sure that your exception should terminate the thread,        one way to ensure that it works is:            t = ThreadWithExc( ... )            ...            t.raiseExc( SomeException )            while t.isAlive():                time.sleep( 0.1 )                t.raiseExc( SomeException )        If the exception is to be caught by the thread, you need a way to        check that your thread has caught it.        CAREFUL: this function is executed in the context of the        caller thread, to raise an exception in the context of the        thread represented by this instance.        """        _async_raise( self._get_my_tid(), exctype )

(Based on Killable Threads by Tomer Filiba. The quote about the return value of PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc appears to be from an old version of Python.)

As noted in the documentation, this is not a magic bullet because if the thread is busy outside the Python interpreter, it will not catch the interruption.

A good usage pattern of this code is to have the thread catch a specific exception and perform the cleanup. That way, you can interrupt a task and still have proper cleanup.

There is no official API to do that, no.

You need to use platform API to kill the thread, e.g. pthread_kill, or TerminateThread. You can access such API e.g. through pythonwin, or through ctypes.

Notice that this is inherently unsafe. It will likely lead to uncollectable garbage (from local variables of the stack frames that become garbage), and may lead to deadlocks, if the thread being killed has the GIL at the point when it is killed.

A multiprocessing.Process can p.terminate()

In the cases where I want to kill a thread, but do not want to use flags/locks/signals/semaphores/events/whatever, I promote the threads to full blown processes. For code that makes use of just a few threads the overhead is not that bad.

E.g. this comes in handy to easily terminate helper "threads" which execute blocking I/O

The conversion is trivial: In related code replace all threading.Thread with multiprocessing.Process and all queue.Queue with multiprocessing.Queue and add the required calls of p.terminate() to your parent process which wants to kill its child p

See the Python documentation for multiprocessing.

Example:

import multiprocessingproc = multiprocessing.Process(target=your_proc_function, args=())proc.start()# Terminate the processproc.terminate()  # sends a SIGTERM