Is there a function to get the caption for an image in wordpress
If you are trying to get the caption while in a post you can echo it out inside your "the_post_thumbnail" tag.
<?php the_post_thumbnail();echo get_post(get_post_thumbnail_id())->post_excerpt; ?>
You can also use the same method to show the image description. This is a little better feature in WordPress 3.5
<?php the_post_thumbnail();echo get_post(get_post_thumbnail_id())->post_content; ?>
If you need to style the caption or description you can wrap it in a div like below.
<?php the_post_thumbnail(); echo '<div class="myDiv">' . get_post(get_post_thumbnail_id())->post_excerpt . '</div>'; ?>
Hope that helps.