How can I catch SIGSEGV (segmentation fault) and get a stack trace under JNI on Android?

Edit: From Jelly Bean onwards you can't get the stack trace, because READ_LOGS went away. :-(

I actually got a signal handler working without doing anything too exotic, and have released code using it, which you can see on github (edit: linking to historical release; I removed the crash handler since then). Here's how:

1. Use sigaction() to catch the signals and store the old handlers. (android.c:570)
2. Time passes, a segfault happens.
3. In the signal handler, call up to JNI one last time and then call the old handler. (android.c:528)
4. In that JNI call, log any useful debugging info, and call startActivity() on an activity that is flagged as needing to be in its own process. (SGTPuzzles.java:962, AndroidManifest.xml:28)
5. When you come back from Java and call that old handler, the Android framework will connect to debuggerd to log a nice native trace for you, and then the process will die. (debugger.c, debuggerd.c)
6. Meanwhile, your crash-handling activity is starting up. Really you should pass it the PID so it can wait for step 5 to complete; I don't do this. Here you apologise to the user and ask if you can send a log. If so, gather the output of logcat -d -v threadtime and launch an ACTION_SEND with recipient, subject and body filled in. The user will have to press Send. (CrashHandler.java, SGTPuzzles.java:462, strings.xml:41
7. Watch out for logcat failing or taking more than a few seconds. I have encountered one device, the T-Mobile Pulse / Huawei U8220, where logcat immediately goes into the T (traced) state and hangs. (CrashHandler.java:70, strings.xml:51)

In a non-Android situation, some of this would be different. You'd need to gather your own native trace, see this other question, depending on what sort of libc you have. You'd need to handle dumping that trace, launching your separate crash-handler process, and sending the email in some appropriate ways for your platform, but I imagine the general approach should still work.

I'm a little bit late, but I had the exact same need, and I've developed a small library to address it, by catching common crashes (SEGV, SIBGUS, etc.) inside JNI code, and replace them by regular java.lang.Error exceptions. Bonus, if the client is running on Android >= 4.1.1, the stack trace embeds the resolved backtrace of the crash (a pseudo-trace containing the full native stack trace). You will not recover from vicious crashes (ie. if you corrupt the allocator, for example), but at least it should allows you to recover from most of them. (please report successes and failures, the code is brand new)

More info at https://github.com/xroche/coffeecatch(code is BSD 2-Clauses license)

FWIW, Google Breakpad works fine on Android. I did the porting work, and we're shipping it as part of Firefox Mobile. It requires a little setup, since it doesn't give you stack traces on the client-side, but sends you the raw stack memory and does the stack walking server-side (so you don't have to ship debug symbols with your app).