How can I color dots in a xy scatterplot according to column value?

Non-VBA Solution:

You need to make an additional group of data for each color group that represent the Y values for that particular group. You can use these groups to make multiple data sets within your graph.

Here is an example using your data:

     A       B        C        D                    E                        F                            G----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1| COMPANY  XVALUE   YVALUE   GROUP                 Red                     Orange                       Green2| Apple     45       35       red         =IF($D2="red",$C2,NA()) =IF($D2="orange",$C2,NA()) =IF($D2="green",$C2,NA())3| Xerox     45       38       red         =IF($D3="red",$C3,NA()) =IF($D3="orange",$C3,NA()) =IF($D3="green",$C3,NA())4| KMart     63       50       orange      =IF($D4="red",$C4,NA()) =IF($D4="orange",$C4,NA()) =IF($D4="green",$C4,NA())5| Exxon     53       59       green       =IF($D5="red",$C5,NA()) =IF($D5="orange",$C5,NA()) =IF($D5="green",$C5,NA())

It should look like this afterwards:

     A       B        C        D          E           F          G---------------------------------------------------------------------1| COMPANY  XVALUE   YVALUE   GROUP       Red         Orange     Green2| Apple     45       35       red         35         #N/A       #N/A    3| Xerox     45       38       red         38         #N/A       #N/A4| KMart     63       50       orange     #N/A         50        #N/A5| Exxon     53       59       green      #N/a        #N/A        59

Now you can generate your graph using different data sets. Here is a picture showing just this example data:

You can change the series (X;Y) values to B:B ; E:E, B:B ; F:F, B:B ; G:G respectively, to make it so the graph is automatically updated when you add more data.

I answered a very similar question:

https://stackoverflow.com/a/15982217/1467082

You simply need to iterate over the series' .Points collection, and then you can assign the points' .Format.Fill.ForeColor.RGB value based on whatever criteria you need.

UPDATED

The code below will color the chart per the screenshot. This only assumes three colors are used. You can add additional case statements for other color values, and update the assignment of myColor to the appropriate RGB values for each.

Option ExplicitSub ColorScatterPoints()    Dim cht As Chart    Dim srs As Series    Dim pt As Point    Dim p As Long    Dim Vals$, lTrim#, rTrim#    Dim valRange As Range, cl As Range    Dim myColor As Long    Set cht = ActiveSheet.ChartObjects(1).Chart    Set srs = cht.SeriesCollection(1)   '## Get the series Y-Values range address:    lTrim = InStrRev(srs.Formula, ",", InStrRev(srs.Formula, ",") - 1, vbBinaryCompare) + 1    rTrim = InStrRev(srs.Formula, ",")    Vals = Mid(srs.Formula, lTrim, rTrim - lTrim)    Set valRange = Range(Vals)    For p = 1 To srs.Points.Count        Set pt = srs.Points(p)        Set cl = valRange(p).Offset(0, 1) '## assume color is in the next column.        With pt.Format.Fill            .Visible = msoTrue            '.Solid  'I commented this out, but you can un-comment and it should still work            '## Assign Long color value based on the cell value            '## Add additional cases as needed.            Select Case LCase(cl)                Case "red"                    myColor = RGB(255, 0, 0)                Case "orange"                    myColor = RGB(255, 192, 0)                Case "green"                    myColor = RGB(0, 255, 0)            End Select            .ForeColor.RGB = myColor        End With    NextEnd Sub

If you code your x axis text categories, list them in a single column, then in adjacent columns list plot points for respective variables against relevant text category code and just leave blank cells against non-relevant text category code, you can scatter plot and get the displayed result. Any questions let me know.