Normally, you can't. Welcome to the world of Android, where all tests must run on a device(except Robolectric).

The main reason is that you don't actually have the framework's sources - even if you convince the IDE to run the test locally, you will immediately get a "Stub! Not implemented" exception."Why?" you might wonder? Because the android.jar that the SDK gives you is actually all stubbed out - all the classes and methods are there but they all just throw an exception. It's there to provide an API but not there to give you any actual implementation.

There's a wonderful project called Robolectric which implements a lot of the framework just so you can run meaningful tests. Coupled with a good mock framework (e.g., Mockito), it makes your job manageable.

Gradle plugin: https://github.com/robolectric/robolectric-gradle-plugin

Intro

Note that at the time of writing robolectric 2.4 is the latest version and has no support for appcompat v7 library. Support wil be added in robolectric 3.0 release (no ETA yet). Also ActionBar Sherlock can cause issues with robolectric.

To use Robolectric within Android Studio you have 2 options:

(Option 1) - Running JUnit tests with Android Studio using a Java module

This technique uses a java module for all your tests with a dependency to your android module and a custom test runner with some magic:

Instructions can be found here: http://blog.blundellapps.com/how-to-run-robolectric-junit-tests-in-android-studio/

Also check the link at the end of that post for running the tests from android studio.

(Option 2) - Running JUnit Tests with Android Studio using robolectric-gradle-plugin

I encountered a few issues setting up junit tests to run from gradle in Android Studio.

This is a very basic sample project for running junit tests from a gradle based project in Android Studio: https://github.com/hanscappelle/android-studio-junit-robolectric This was tested with Android Studio 0.8.14, JUnit 4.10, robolectric gradle plugin 0.13+ and robolectric 2.3

Buildscript (project/build.gradle)

The build script is the build.gradle file in the root of you project. There I had to add robolectric gradle plugin to classpath

buildscript {    repositories {        jcenter()    }    dependencies {        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:0.13.2'        // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong        // in the individual module build.gradle files        classpath 'org.robolectric:robolectric-gradle-plugin:0.13.+'    }}allprojects {    repositories {        jcenter()    }}

Project buildscript (App/build.gradle)

In the build script of your app module use the robolectric plugin, add robolectric config and add androidTestCompile dependencies.

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'apply plugin: 'robolectric'android {    // like any other project}robolectric {    // configure the set of classes for JUnit tests    include '**/*Test.class'    exclude '**/espresso/**/*.class'    // configure max heap size of the test JVM    maxHeapSize = '2048m'    // configure the test JVM arguments    jvmArgs '-XX:MaxPermSize=512m', '-XX:-UseSplitVerifier'    // configure whether failing tests should fail the build    ignoreFailures true    // use afterTest to listen to the test execution results    afterTest { descriptor, result ->        println "Executing test for {$descriptor.name} with result: ${result.resultType}"    }}dependencies {    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])    androidTestCompile 'org.robolectric:robolectric:2.3'    androidTestCompile 'junit:junit:4.10'}

Create JUnit Test Classes

Now put the test classes in the default location (or update gradle config)

app/src/androidTest/java

And name your tests classes ending with Test (or again update config), extending junit.framework.TestCase and annotate test methods with @Test.

package be.hcpl.android.mytestedapplication;import junit.framework.TestCase;import org.junit.Test;public class MainActivityTest extends TestCase {    @Test    public void testThatSucceeds(){        // all OK        assert true;    }    @Test    public void testThatFails(){        // all NOK        assert false;    }}

Execute Tests

Next execute the tests using gradlew from command line (make it executable using chmod +x if needed)

./gradlew clean test

Sample output:

Executing test for {testThatSucceeds} with result: SUCCESSExecuting test for {testThatFails} with result: FAILUREandroid.hcpl.be.mytestedapplication.MainActivityTest > testThatFails FAILED    java.lang.AssertionError at MainActivityTest.java:212 tests completed, 1 failed                                  There were failing tests. See the report at: file:///Users/hcpl/Development/git/MyTestedApplication/app/build/test-report/debug/index.html:app:test                      BUILD SUCCESSFUL

Troubleshooting

alternative source directories

Just like you can have your java source files somewhere else you can move your test source files. Just update gradle sourceSets config.

    sourceSets {        main {            manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'            java.srcDirs = ['src']            res.srcDirs = ['res']            assets.srcDirs = ['assets']        }        androidTest {            setRoot('tests')        }    }

package org.junit does not exist

You forgot to add the junit test dependency in the app build script

dependencies {    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])    androidTestCompile 'org.robolectric:robolectric:2.3'    androidTestCompile 'junit:junit:4.10'}

java.lang.RuntimeException: Stub!

You're running this test with the run configurations from Android Studio instead of command line (Terminal tab in Android Studio). To run it from Android Studio you'll have to update the app.iml file to have the jdk entry listed at the bottom. See deckard-gradle example for details.

Complete error example:

!!! JUnit version 3.8 or later expected:java.lang.RuntimeException: Stub!    at junit.runner.BaseTestRunner.<init>(BaseTestRunner.java:5)    at junit.textui.TestRunner.<init>(TestRunner.java:54)    at junit.textui.TestRunner.<init>(TestRunner.java:48)    at junit.textui.TestRunner.<init>(TestRunner.java:41)    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.junitVersionChecks(JUnitStarter.java:190)    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.canWorkWithJUnitVersion(JUnitStarter.java:173)    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:56)    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)    at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:134)

ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory

See this SO question for a solution. Add the below export to you bash profile:

export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.7`  

The complete error log:

ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: export JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_51.jdk/Contents/HomePlease set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match thelocation of your Java installation.

Test Class not found

If you want to run your tests from Android Studio Junit Test runner instead you'll have to expand the build.gradle file a little more so that android studio can find your compiled test classes:

sourceSets {    testLocal {        java.srcDir file('src/test/java')        resources.srcDir file('src/test/resources')    }}android {    // tell Android studio that the instrumentTest source set is located in the unit test source set    sourceSets {        instrumentTest.setRoot('src/test')    }}dependencies {    // Dependencies for the `testLocal` task, make sure to list all your global dependencies here as well    testLocalCompile 'junit:junit:4.11'    testLocalCompile 'com.google.android:android:4.1.1.4'    testLocalCompile 'org.robolectric:robolectric:2.3'    // Android Studio doesn't recognize the `testLocal` task, so we define the same dependencies as above for instrumentTest    // which is Android Studio's test task    androidTestCompile 'junit:junit:4.11'    androidTestCompile 'com.google.android:android:4.1.1.4'    androidTestCompile 'org.robolectric:robolectric:2.3'}task localTest(type: Test, dependsOn: assemble) {    testClassesDir = sourceSets.testLocal.output.classesDir    android.sourceSets.main.java.srcDirs.each { dir ->        def buildDir = dir.getAbsolutePath().split('/')        buildDir =  (buildDir[0..(buildDir.length - 4)] + ['build', 'classes', 'debug']).join('/')        sourceSets.testLocal.compileClasspath += files(buildDir)        sourceSets.testLocal.runtimeClasspath += files(buildDir)    }    classpath = sourceSets.testLocal.runtimeClasspath}check.dependsOn localTest

from: http://kostyay.name/android-studio-robolectric-gradle-getting-work/

Some more resources

The best articles I found around this are:

• http://tryge.com/2013/02/28/android-gradle-build/
• http://kostyay.name/android-studio-robolectric-gradle-getting-work/
• http://www.element84.com/easy-testing-with-android-studio.html
• http://tools.android.com/tech-docs/new-build-system/user-guide#TOC-Sourcesets-and-Dependencies

As of Android Studio 1.1, the answer is now simple:http://tools.android.com/tech-docs/unit-testing-support