HTTPS/SSL certificate in Azure VM endpoints
Azure Load Balancer is a layer 4 device, so it can't do SSL termination.
You can use Azure Application Gateway which is a Layer 7 Load Balancer, and it can do SSL termination. see here: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/application-gateway/application-gateway-ssl-portal
EDIT: I am trying to understand if you are in "classic" VMs or not. Reading your the comments to your question, you ask if Azure VMs are in "Cloud Services" which implies you are in "classic", but it is unclear if you ask this because you have read the wrong doc, or this is the implementation you have. Anyway is it very recommended you get off "classic" and work with modern VMs. Especially for new deployments.
Loadbalancer comparation
AWS
Application Load Balancer - Layer 7 - HTTP, HTTPSNetwork Load Balancer - layer 4 - TCP, UDP, TLS Classic - Layer 4/7 - HTTP/HTTPS(layer 7), TCP, SSL/TLS(layer 4)Azure
Load Balancer - Layer 4 - TCP and UDPApplication Gateway - Layer 7 - HTTP, HTTPS(support SSL)
Yes you can
Please check the documentation here:
http://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/articles/cloud-services-configure-ssl-certificate/