Parse Date in Bash
Does it have to be bash? You can use the GNU coreutils /bin/date
binary for many transformations:
$ date --date="2009-01-02 03:04:05" "+%d %B of %Y at %H:%M and %S seconds" 02 January of 2009 at 03:04 and 05 seconds
This parses the given date and displays it in the chosen format. You can adapt that at will to your needs.
I had a different input time format, so here is a more flexible solution.
Convert dates in BSD/macOS
date -jf in_format [+out_format] in_date
where the formats use strftime (see man strftime
).
For the given input format YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss
:
$ date -jf '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' '2017-05-10 13:40:01'Wed May 10 13:40:01 PDT 2017
To read them into separate variables, I'm taking NVRAM's idea, but allowing you to use any strftime format:
$ date_in='2017-05-10 13:40:01'$ format='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'$ read -r y m d H M S <<< "$(date -jf "$format" '+%Y %m %d %H %M %S' "$date_in")"$ for var in y m d H M S; do echo "$var=${!var}"; doney=2017m=05d=10H=13M=40S=01
In my case, I wanted to convert between timezones (see your /usr/share/zoneinfo
directory for zone names):
$ format=%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z$ TZ=UTC date -jf $format +$format 2017-05-10T02:40:01+02002017-05-10T00:40:01+0000$ TZ=America/Los_Angeles date -jf $format +$format 2017-05-10T02:40:01+02002017-05-09T17:40:01-0700
Convert dates in GNU/Linux
On a Mac, you can install the GNU version of
date
asgdate
withbrew install coreutils
.
date [+out_format] -d in_date
where the out_format uses strftime (see man strftime
).
In GNU coreutils' date
command, there is no way to explicitly set an input format, since it tries to figure out the input format by itself, and stuff usually just works. (For detail, you can read the manual at coreutils: Date input formats.)
For example:
$ date '+%Y %m %d %H %M %S' -d '2017-05-10 13:40:01'2017 05 10 13 40 01
To read them into separate variables:
$ read -r y m d H M S <<< "$(date '+%Y %m %d %H %M %S' -d "$date_in")"
To convert between timezones (see your /usr/share/zoneinfo
directory for zone names), you can specify TZ="America/Los_Angeles"
right in your input string. Note the literal "
chars around the zone name, and the space character before in_date:
TZ=out_tz date [+out_format] 'TZ="in_tz" in_date'
For example:
$ format='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%z'$ TZ=America/Los_Angeles date +"$format" -d 'TZ="UTC" 2017-05-10 02:40:01'2017-05-09 19:40:01-0700$ TZ=UTC date +"$format" -d 'TZ="America/Los_Angeles" 2017-05-09 19:40:01'2017-05-10 02:40:01+0000
GNU date also understands hour offsets for the time zone:
$ TZ=UTC date +"$format" -d '2017-05-09 19:40:01-0700'2017-05-10 02:40:01+0000