What is the difference between char * const and const char *?

The difference is that const char * is a pointer to a const char, while char * const is a constant pointer to a char.

The first, the value being pointed to can't be changed but the pointer can be. The second, the value being pointed at can change but the pointer can't (similar to a reference).

There is also a

const char * const

which is a constant pointer to a constant char (so nothing about it can be changed).

Note:

The following two forms are equivalent:

const char *

and

char const *

The exact reason for this is described in the C++ standard, but it's important to note and avoid the confusion. I know several coding standards that prefer:

char const

over

const char

(with or without pointer) so that the placement of the const element is the same as with a pointer const.

To avoid confusion, always append the const qualifier.

int       *      mutable_pointer_to_mutable_int;int const *      mutable_pointer_to_constant_int;int       *const constant_pointer_to_mutable_int;int const *const constant_pointer_to_constant_int;

const always modifies the thing that comes before it (to the left of it), EXCEPT when it's the first thing in a type declaration, where it modifies the thing that comes after it (to the right of it).

So these two are the same:

int const *i1;const int *i2;

they define pointers to a const int. You can change where i1 and i2 points, but you can't change the value they point at.

This:

int *const i3 = (int*) 0x12345678;

defines a const pointer to an integer and initializes it to point at memory location 12345678. You can change the int value at address 12345678, but you can't change the address that i3 points to.