How to create a new schema/new user in Oracle Database 11g?
Generally speaking a schema in oracle is the same as an user. Oracle Database automatically creates a schema when you create a user. A file with the DDL file extension is an SQL Data Definition Language file.
Creating new user (using SQL Plus)
Basic SQL Plus commands:
- connect: connects to a database - disconnect: logs off but does not exit - exit: existsOpen SQL Plus and log:
/ as sysdbaThe sysdba is a role and is like "root" on unix or "Administrator" on Windows. It sees all, can do all. Internally, if you connect as sysdba, your schema name will appear to be SYS.
Create an user:
SQL> create user johny identified by 1234;View all users and check if the user johny is there:
SQL> select username from dba_users;If you try to login as johny now you would get an error:
ERROR:ORA-01045: user JOHNY lacks CREATE SESSION privilege; logon deniedThe user to login needs at least create session priviledge so we have to grant this privileges to the user:
SQL> grant create session to johny;Now you are able to connect as the user johny:
username: johnypassword: 1234To get rid of the user you can drop it:
SQL> drop user johny;That was basic example to show how to create an user. It might be more complex. Above we created an user whose objects are stored in the database default tablespace. To have database tidy we should place users objects to his own space (tablespace is an allocation of space in the database that can contain schema objects).
Show already created tablespaces:
SQL> select tablespace_name from dba_tablespaces;Create tablespace:
SQL> create tablespace johny_tabspace 2 datafile 'johny_tabspace.dat' 3 size 10M autoextend on;Create temporary tablespace (Temporaty tablespace is an allocation of space in the database that can contain transient data that persists only for the duration of a session. This transient data cannot be recovered after process or instance failure.):
SQL> create temporary tablespace johny_tabspace_temp 2 tempfile 'johny_tabspace_temp.dat' 3 size 5M autoextend on;Create the user:
SQL> create user johny 2 identified by 1234 3 default tablespace johny_tabspace 4 temporary tablespace johny_tabspace_temp;Grant some privileges:
SQL> grant create session to johny;SQL> grant create table to johny;SQL> grant unlimited tablespace to johny;Login as johny and check what privileges he has:
SQL> select * from session_privs;PRIVILEGE----------------------------------------CREATE SESSIONUNLIMITED TABLESPACECREATE TABLEWith create table privilege the user can create tables:
SQL> create table johny_table 2 ( 3 id int not null, 4 text varchar2(1000), 5 primary key (id) 6 );Insert data:
SQL> insert into johny_table (id, text) 2 values (1, 'This is some text.');Select:
SQL> select * from johny_table;ID TEXT--------------------------1 This is some text.To get DDL data you can use DBMS_METADATA package that "provides a way for you to retrieve metadata from the database dictionary as XML or creation DDL and to submit the XML to re-create the object.".(with help from http://www.dba-oracle.com/oracle_tips_dbms_metadata.htm)
For table:
SQL> set pagesize 0SQL> set long 90000SQL> set feedback offSQL> set echo offSQL> SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE',u.table_name) FROM USER_TABLES u;Result:
CREATE TABLE "JOHNY"."JOHNY_TABLE" ( "ID" NUMBER(*,0) NOT NULL ENABLE, "TEXT" VARCHAR2(1000), PRIMARY KEY ("ID") USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "JOHNY_TABSPACE" ENABLE ) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "JOHNY_TABSPACE"For index:
SQL> set pagesize 0SQL> set long 90000SQL> set feedback offSQL> set echo offSQL> SELECT DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('INDEX',u.index_name) FROM USER_INDEXES u;Result:
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "JOHNY"."SYS_C0013353" ON "JOHNY"."JOHNY_TABLE" ("ID") PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "JOHNY_TABSPACE"More information:
DDL
DBMS_METADATA
- http://www.dba-oracle.com/t_1_dbms_metadata.htm
- http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/appdev.112/e25788/d_metada.htm#ARPLS026
- http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28310/general010.htm#ADMIN11562
Schema objects
Differences between schema and user
- https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/37012/difference-between-database-vs-user-vs-schema
- Difference between a user and a schema in Oracle?
Privileges
Creating user/schema
- http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14200/statements_8003.htm
- http://www.techonthenet.com/oracle/schemas/create_schema.php
Creating tablespace
SQL Plus commands
It's a working example:
CREATE USER auto_exchange IDENTIFIED BY 123456;GRANT RESOURCE TO auto_exchange;GRANT CONNECT TO auto_exchange;GRANT CREATE VIEW TO auto_exchange;GRANT CREATE SESSION TO auto_exchange;GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO auto_exchange;
Let's get you started. Do you have any knowledge in Oracle?
First you need to understand what a SCHEMA is. A schema is a collection of logical structures of data, or schema objects. A schema is owned by a database user and has the same name as that user. Each user owns a single schema. Schema objects can be created and manipulated with SQL.
- CREATE USER acoder; -- whenever you create a new user in Oracle, a schema with the same name as the username is created where all his objects are stored.
- GRANT CREATE SESSION TO acoder; -- Failure to do this you cannot do anything.
To access another user's schema, you need to be granted privileges on specific object on that schema or optionally have SYSDBA role assigned.
That should get you started.