How to stop insertion of Duplicate documents in a mongodb collection

Don't use insert.

Use update with upsert=true. Update will look for the document that matches your query, then it will modify the fields you want and then, you can tell it upsert:True if you want to insert if no document matches your query.

db.collection.update(   <query>,   <update>,  {    upsert: <boolean>,     multi: <boolean>,    writeConcern: <document>   }  )

So, for your example, you could use something like this:

db.collection.update(doc, doc, {upsert:true})

You should use a compound index on the set of fields that uniquely identify a document within your MongoDB collection. For example, if you decide that the combination of user, title and Bank are your unique key you would issue the following command:

db.collection.createIndex( { user: 1, title: 1, Bank: 1 }, {unique:true} )

Please note that this should be done after you have removed previously stored duplicates.

http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/tutorial/create-a-compound-index/

http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/tutorial/create-a-unique-index/

It has been updated from the above answers.

please use db.collection.updateOne() instead of db.collection.update().and also db.collection.createIndexes() instead of db.collection.ensureIndex()

Update: the methods update() and ensureIndex() has been deprecated from mongodb 2.*, you can see more details in mongo and the path is ./mongodb/lib/collection.js. For update(), the recommend methods are updateOne, updateMany, or bulkWrite.For ensureIndex(), the recommend method is createIndexes.