When to use a query or code [closed]

Always do the query on the database. If you do not you have to copy over more data to the client and also databases are written to efficiently filter data almost certainly being more efficient than your code.

The only exception I can think of is if the filter condition is computationally complex and you can spread the calculation over more CPU power than the database has.

In the cases I have had a database the server has had more CPU power than the clients so unless overloaded will just run the query more quickly for the same amount of code.

Also you have to write less code to do the query on the database using Hibernates query language rather than you having to write code to manipulate the data on the client. Hibernate queries will also make use of any client caching in the configiration without you having to write more code.

There is a general trick often used in programming - paying with memory for operation speedup. If you have lots of employees, and you are going to query a significant portion of them, one by one (say, 75% will be queried at one time or the other), then query everything, cache it (very important!), and complete the lookup in memory. The next time you query, skip the trip to RDBMS, go straight to the cache, and do a fast look-up: a roundtrip to a database is very expensive, compared to an in-memory hash lookup.

On the other hand, if you are accessing a small portion of employees, you should query just one employee: data transfer from the RDBMS to your program takes a lot of time, a lot of network bandwidth, a lot of memory on your side, and a lot of memory on the RDBMS side. Querying lots of rows to throw away all but one never makes sense.

In general, I would let the database do what databases are good at. Filtering data is something databases are really good at, so it would be best left there.

That said, there are some situations where you might just want to grab all of them and do the filtering in code though. One I can think of would be if the number of rows is relatively small and you plan to cache them in your app. In that case you would just look up all the rows, cache them, and do subsequent filtering against what you have in the cache.