Are middlewares an implementation of the Decorator pattern?

Middleware and decorators are similar and can do the same job. They provide a means of inserting intermediary effects either before or after other effects downstream in the chain/stack.

A difference is that the middleware pipeline is computed using a reduction that presents the middleware with a simpler interface that hides the next middleware object in the chain. Rather it presents a next function that applies the message to that object using the correct interface (e.g. IHandler.handle).

Another difference is that it is easier to dynamically add/remove middleware because it exists in the middle of a container object (e.g. in an array) and the pipeline can be assembled on demand. A decorator is a stack of Russian dolls and its stack cannot so easily be rejiggered.

Middlewares are not themselves decorators but it is possible to make decorators out of middlewares using a couple of built in functions in Django:

def decorator_from_middleware(middleware_class):"""Given a middleware class (not an instance), return a view decorator. Thislets you use middleware functionality on a per-view basis. The middlewareis created with no params passed."""    return make_middleware_decorator(middleware_class)()def decorator_from_middleware_with_args(middleware_class):"""Like decorator_from_middleware, but return a functionthat accepts the arguments to be passed to the middleware_class.Use like::     cache_page = decorator_from_middleware_with_args(CacheMiddleware)     # ...     @cache_page(3600)     def my_view(request):         # ..."""    return make_middleware_decorator(middleware_class)