Docker Per-Container Disk Quota on Bind Mounted Volumes
from the Docs:
This (size) will allow to set the container rootfs size to 120G at creation time. This option is only available for the devicemapper, btrfs, overlay2, windowsfilter and zfs graph drivers. For the devicemapper, btrfs, windowsfilter and zfs graph drivers, user cannot pass a size less than the Default BaseFS Size. For the overlay2 storage driver, the size option is only available if the backing fs is xfs and mounted with the pquota mount option. Under these conditions, user can pass any size less than the backing fs size.
so the pquota should be enabled on your system
you can edit the file /etc/default/grub like so, and restart your machine:
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="rootflags=uquota,pquota"and try to rerun your command with --storage-opt size=10G