Error running Docker container on a VMWare hosted Windows 10 machine
Docker for Windows requires hardware virtualization support to run anything via Hyper-V. This means that VMWare has to expose Intel VT-x or AMD-V to the guest OS. This is disabled by default in vSphere, so you have to enable it manually to get docker support in the guest.
Right-click the virtual machine and select Edit Settings.
a. To locate a virtual machine, select a datacenter, folder, cluster, resource pool, host, or vApp.
b. Click the Related Objects tab and click Virtual Machines.
On the Virtual Hardware tab, expand CPU, and select Expose hardware-assisted virtualization to guest OS.
Click OK.
You could try to turn virtualization on in your BIOS, according to an answer to a similar question. Look for “Intel VT-x”, “Intel Virtualization Technology”, “Virtualization Extensions” or something similar.