How to run Linux Docker images on Windows Server 2016?
It is now possible to run Linux containers on Windows Server 2016 although it's not as simple as running the Docker for Windows installer. Full instructions are in the following answer: Linux Docker container on Windows Server 2016
Updated answer
Windows Server (from version 1709) now supports Linux Containers.For more information read:
https://blog.docker.com/2017/09/docker-windows-server-1709/
Old answer
Unfortunately, as of now (January 2017) I don't think it is possible.
Windows Server 2016 has native container support. These containers use the Windows kernel so it is only possible to run Windows processes. To run Linux containers you would need the MobyLinux VM.
For now you have to run Linux containers on Windows 10.
For more information read "2. You have to use Windows inside the containers (for now)" from this article by Elton Stonema.https://blog.sixeyed.com/windows-containers-and-docker-5-things-you-need-to-know/
And a similar question on Stack Overflow.Linux Docker container on Windows Server 2016