How to use windows authentication with SQL server docker container
I'm dealing exactly with the same problem.Here is the most complete procedure that I found.The trick is to use gMSA.
But, as JanneRantala says at the end, I'm having the same problem when trying to add a new User in the Database :
Msg 15401, Level 16, State 1, Line 3 Windows NT user or group 'YOUR_DOMAIN\gmsa$' not found. Check the name again.
Here is walkthrough how to make it work. Windows Containers Walkthrough
This will not work though if your SQL is also running in container since SQL server itself have to part of Active Directory to be able to utilize GMSA accounts.
Windows authentication is automatically enabled in Windocks SQL Server containers. See here for more details. The SQL Server containers created in Windocks are SQL Server named instances created automatically from the default SQL Service that is already installed on the Windows Server (2012 R2 or 2016). Any Windows accounts in the default instance are automatically enabled in the container instances.