Is it possible to run kubernetes as a docker container?

With Windows, you need docker-machine and boot2docker VMs to run anything docker related.
There is no (not yet) "docker for Windows".

Note that issue 7428 mentioned "Can't run kubernetes within boot2docker".
So even when you follow instructions (from a default VM created with docker-machine), you might still get errors:

➜  workspace  docker run --net=host -d -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock  gcr.io/google_containers/hyperkube:v0.14.2 /hyperkube kubelet --api_servers=http://localhost:8080 --v=2 --address=0.0.0.0 --enable_server --hostname_override=127.0.0.1 --config=/etc/kubernetes/manifestsee0b490f74f6bc9b70c1336115487b38d124bdcebf09b248cec91832e0e9af1d➜  workspace  docker logs -f ee0b490f74f6bc9b70c1336115487b38d124bdcebf09b248cec91832e0e9af1dW0428 09:09:41.479862       1 server.go:249] Could not load kubernetes auth path: stat : no such file or directory. Continuing with defaults.I0428 09:09:41.479989       1 server.go:168] Using root directory: /var/lib/kubelet

The alternative would be to try on a full-fledge Linux VM (like the latest Ubuntu), instead of a boot2docker-like VM (based on a TinyCore distro).

All k8s components can be raised up with hyperkube, which helps you bring up a containerized one. If you're able to run docker on windows, it would probably work. I haven't tried it on windows personally.