SunCertPathBuilderException when running a Java application in Docker Toolbox
What finally did the trick was the solution, that I probable should have tried in the beginning, as it was what fixed the problem on my dev machine.
Using this tutorial (and downloading the InstallCert.java file from here) I just copied the generated jssecacerts file inside the Docker image using this command in the Dockerfile:
COPY ./res/jssecacerts /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8-openjdk/jre/lib/security/