Does updating Elasticsearch indices requires updating Kibana index pattern?
Yes, if you change the index mapping in ES, then you need to go in Kibana and refresh the related index patterns.
Right now, you need to go inside Kibana (
Management > Index patterns), select the index pattern, and press the "Refresh" button at the top right of the window in order to pick up the mapping changes.
Also note that if you updated some text fields in order to have a keyword sub-field, you'll also need to call the _update_by_query API on your index in order to reindex the changed field in all your documents