Fractional Pixels in CSS Media Queries (Chrome)
It seems like it did come up for Chromium as a bug but was marked fixed and thus should not be possible: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=689096
In this old thread about a bug in Firefox they are speaking about the same issue, although this is not marked fixed: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1120090
In that thread the fractional pixels in media queries are mentioned like they would be a normal thing.
I do web development on a high DPI screen for 7 years now and this has not happened to me yet. I would say it's not really a thing. One way to avoid it completely would be designing from the biggest or smallest screen upwards (or downwards), just overwriting and thus exclusively using min-width or max-width.