Windows Registry location for Google Chrome version
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\App Paths\chrome.exe\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Clients\StartMenuInternet\Google Chrome\
The version can be found under HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Google\Chrome\BLBeacon
It could be that your installation of google chrome is somehow messed up. I do have this registry key and it contains two values with the current version number.
Another way although not through the registry would be to check the folders in Users/[username]/AppData/Local/Google/Chrome/Application. I have a folder with the latest version number in there. (and a folder with an older version).
AND I found something in the registry which might also work on every client:HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Wow6432Node\CLSID{5C65F4B0-3651-4514-B207-D10CB699B14B}\LocalServer32The values there contain the version number in the path.