Analysis of a realtime geodata stream
Yes, you can build something like this in Storm, and it's a good choice since you are dealing with things that Storm is really good at (a continuous stream of data, easily parallelizable computations.
Also, since you mention PHP and JS, you can write the components of your Storm topology in anything you like even if it's not a JVM language, although the Clojure DSL for Storm is very nice and easy to use.
As an aside, if you are comfortable with JavaScript and don't want to deal with learning Storm, you might want to consider building this using Node.js.
Esri's new GeoEvent Processor for ArcGIS has exactly what you need. It's not going to be cheap though.
I'm not sure what the SO policy is on advertising/promoting non-free software, so forgive me if this seems spammy. I don't work for Esri. I won't provide a link but you can easily Google it.