Does Hive depend on/require Hadoop?
You can run Hive in local mode to use it without Hadoop for debugging purposes. See below url
Hive provided JDBC driver to query hive like JDBC, however if you are planning to run Hive queries on production system, you need Hadoop infrastructure to be available. Hive queries eventually converts into map-reduce jobs and HDFS is used as data storage for Hive tables.