Sending HTTP POST Request In Java

Updated Answer:

Since some of the classes, in the original answer, are deprecated in the newer version of Apache HTTP Components, I'm posting this update.

By the way, you can access the full documentation for more examples here.

HttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://www.a-domain.com/foo/");// Request parameters and other properties.List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(2);params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("param-1", "12345"));params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("param-2", "Hello!"));httppost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "UTF-8"));//Execute and get the response.HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();if (entity != null) {    try (InputStream instream = entity.getContent()) {        // do something useful    }}

Original Answer:

I recommend to use Apache HttpClient. its faster and easier to implement.

HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://jakarata.apache.org/");NameValuePair[] data = {    new NameValuePair("user", "joe"),    new NameValuePair("password", "bloggs")};post.setRequestBody(data);// execute method and handle any error responses....InputStream in = post.getResponseBodyAsStream();// handle response.

for more information check this url: http://hc.apache.org/

Sending a POST request is easy in vanilla Java. Starting with a URL, we need t convert it to a URLConnection using url.openConnection();. After that, we need to cast it to a HttpURLConnection, so we can access its setRequestMethod() method to set our method. We finally say that we are going to send data over the connection.

URL url = new URL("https://www.example.com/login");URLConnection con = url.openConnection();HttpURLConnection http = (HttpURLConnection)con;http.setRequestMethod("POST"); // PUT is another valid optionhttp.setDoOutput(true);

We then need to state what we are going to send:

Sending a simple form

A normal POST coming from a http form has a well defined format. We need to convert our input to this format:

Map<String,String> arguments = new HashMap<>();arguments.put("username", "root");arguments.put("password", "sjh76HSn!"); // This is a fake password obviouslyStringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner("&");for(Map.Entry<String,String> entry : arguments.entrySet())    sj.add(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getKey(), "UTF-8") + "="          + URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), "UTF-8"));byte[] out = sj.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);int length = out.length;

We can then attach our form contents to the http request with proper headers and send it.

http.setFixedLengthStreamingMode(length);http.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8");http.connect();try(OutputStream os = http.getOutputStream()) {    os.write(out);}// Do something with http.getInputStream()

Sending JSON

We can also send json using java, this is also easy:

byte[] out = "{\"username\":\"root\",\"password\":\"password\"}" .getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);int length = out.length;http.setFixedLengthStreamingMode(length);http.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=UTF-8");http.connect();try(OutputStream os = http.getOutputStream()) {    os.write(out);}// Do something with http.getInputStream()

Remember that different servers accept different content-types for json, see this question.

Sending files with java post

Sending files can be considered more challenging to handle as the format is more complex. We are also going to add support for sending the files as a string, since we don't want to buffer the file fully into the memory.

For this, we define some helper methods:

private void sendFile(OutputStream out, String name, InputStream in, String fileName) {    String o = "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + URLEncoder.encode(name,"UTF-8")              + "\"; filename=\"" + URLEncoder.encode(filename,"UTF-8") + "\"\r\n\r\n";    out.write(o.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));    byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];    for (int n = 0; n >= 0; n = in.read(buffer))        out.write(buffer, 0, n);    out.write("\r\n".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));}private void sendField(OutputStream out, String name, String field) {    String o = "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\""              + URLEncoder.encode(name,"UTF-8") + "\"\r\n\r\n";    out.write(o.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));    out.write(URLEncoder.encode(field,"UTF-8").getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));    out.write("\r\n".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));}

We can then use these methods to create a multipart post request as follows:

String boundary = UUID.randomUUID().toString();byte[] boundaryBytes =            ("--" + boundary + "\r\n").getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);byte[] finishBoundaryBytes =            ("--" + boundary + "--").getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);http.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",            "multipart/form-data; charset=UTF-8; boundary=" + boundary);// Enable streaming mode with default settingshttp.setChunkedStreamingMode(0); // Send our fields:try(OutputStream out = http.getOutputStream()) {    // Send our header (thx Algoman)    out.write(boundaryBytes);    // Send our first field    sendField(out, "username", "root");    // Send a seperator    out.write(boundaryBytes);    // Send our second field    sendField(out, "password", "toor");    // Send another seperator    out.write(boundaryBytes);    // Send our file    try(InputStream file = new FileInputStream("test.txt")) {        sendFile(out, "identification", file, "text.txt");    }    // Finish the request    out.write(finishBoundaryBytes);}// Do something with http.getInputStream()

String rawData = "id=10";String type = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";String encodedData = URLEncoder.encode( rawData, "UTF-8" ); URL u = new URL("http://www.example.com/page.php");HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) u.openConnection();conn.setDoOutput(true);conn.setRequestMethod("POST");conn.setRequestProperty( "Content-Type", type );conn.setRequestProperty( "Content-Length", String.valueOf(encodedData.length()));OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream();os.write(encodedData.getBytes());