What's the difference between a System property and environment variable
Environment variables are specific to the operating system. Properties are JVM only.
System.getProperty("Propertname") **Platform Independent**
The above method will return JVM arguments and properties.
System.getenv("EnvName") **Platform Dependent**
The above method returns your operating system environment
variables.
In Linux you can set a environment variable from the shell using the following command.
export SYSTEM_TYPE=PROD
In Java you can read the variable by
System.getenv("SYSTEM_TYPE")
The above code will return PROD
http://javarevisited.blogspot.in/2012/08/how-to-get-environment-variables-in.html