How to deploy CDK with AWS role from Jenkins?
I think the issue is that you haven't specifically trusted your IAM User in the IAM Role's trusted relationships.
Assuming that this role has the correct permissions needed for a CDK deploy (see here for more info on that), you need to allow your IAM user to access the role, not cloudformation. Cloudformation already has access to your account resources.
I think this version of the trusted relationships policy should do the trick:
{ "Version": "2012-10-17", "Statement": [ { "Effect": "Allow", "Resource": "<full ARN of the relevant user>", "Action": "sts:AssumeRole" } ]}
Let me know if it works!