Jenkins Dynamic parameters based on previously selected parameter value
This is exactly what you are looking for:https://github.com/biouno/uno-choice-plugin/wiki/Uno-Choice-Cascade-Dynamic-Choice-Parameter
It seems to be a hidden gem, haven't found it in any of the similar questions so far.
I have not used it, but it looks like the following plugin may do what you want:
A Jenkins parameter plugin that allows for two select elements. The second select populates values depending upon the selection made for the first select.