Can I "step over" just jQuery code while debugging?
Yes you can
At least in FireFox (25+) and Chrome (30+).
In FireFox this feature is called "Black boxing" and will be available with FireFox 25. It let's do exactly what you where looking for:
Nick Fitzgerald and Chris Heilmann: "New Features of Firefox Developer Tools: Episode 25"
This feature was also introduced to Chrome (v30+) although it's tougher to find/configure. It's called "skip through sources with particular names" and Collin Miller did an excellent job in describing how to configure it:
Collin Miller: "Tips and Tricks: Ignoring library code while debugging in Chrome"
I'm using it in Chrome right now. It works like a charm and saves me so much time.
Pretty sure the answer is "no, this feature does not exist".
What's your motivation here, though? It looks to me like setting a breakpoint on Line 2 and creating a watch for the "resultset" of Line 1 whilst you're there will get you what you're likely to want.
F10 should step over the function calls, F11 should step into the function calls. This works in VS as well as firebug.