Determine whether JSON is a JSONObject or JSONArray

I found better way to determine:

String data = "{ ... }";Object json = new JSONTokener(data).nextValue();if (json instanceof JSONObject)  //you have an objectelse if (json instanceof JSONArray)  //you have an array

tokenizer is able to return more types: http://developer.android.com/reference/org/json/JSONTokener.html#nextValue()

There are a couple ways you can do this:

1. You can check the character at the first position of the String (after trimming away whitespace, as it is allowed in valid JSON). If it is a {, you are dealing with a JSONObject, if it is a [, you are dealing with a JSONArray.
2. If you are dealing with JSON (an Object), then you can do an instanceof check. yourObject instanceof JSONObject. This will return true if yourObject is a JSONObject. The same applies to JSONArray.

This is the simple solution I'm using on Android:

JSONObject json = new JSONObject(jsonString);if (json.has("data")) {    JSONObject dataObject = json.optJSONObject("data");    if (dataObject != null) {        //Do things with object.    } else {        JSONArray array = json.optJSONArray("data");        //Do things with array    }} else {    // Do nothing or throw exception if "data" is a mandatory field}