Communication between consul on local VM and consul in Kubernetes
It's an odd setup that you want to join the VM. But for everything to work you need to make sure that all the required ports are exposed on the Consul Server nodes. It sounds like all of those ports are exposed within the Kubernetes cluster but not outside.
You didn't specify how you deployed Consul but you can use Kubernetes Services to expose the ports. In your case, it's likely that maybe port 8500 is the only exposed from your VM but maybe not the other ports. You have to expose them all if you'd like to enable all the Consul features/functionality.
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