I can't get into the azure kubernetes pod
this line
Warning BackOff 2m15s (x178 over 36m) kubelet, aks-test Back-off restarting failed container
shows that your pod/container is in a failed state. This will prevent you from execution commands in the container due to it not being alive.
To learn why your pod/container is in a bad state, you should look at the logs of the failed container
kubectl logs -n airflow airflow-console-xxxxxxx-xxxxx -c airflow-console
or the logs off the previous container that failed. (sometimes it helps)
kubectl logs -n airflow airflow-console-xxxxxxx-xxxxx -c airflow-console -p
This explain the main reason why a user cannot exec into a container.