What is the default 'name' of the kubernetes master cluster host?

Assuming you mean the Kubernetes API, you can reference this internally (inside a pod) as:

https://kubernetes.default/

You can obtain an access token from this file:

/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token

To validate the SSL certificate, you can use this file:

/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt

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