How to do "performance-based" (benchmark) unit testing in Python

You will want to do performance testing at a system level if possible - test your application as a whole, in context, with data and behaviour as close to production use as possible.

This is not easy, and it will be even harder to automate it and get consistent results.

Moreover, you can't use a VM for performance testing (unless your production environment runs in VMs, and even then, you'd need to run the VM on a host with nothing else on).

When you say doing performance unit-testing, that may be valuable, but only if it is being used to diagnose a problem which really exists at a system level (not just in the developer's head).

Also, performance of units in unit testing sometimes fails to reflect their performance in-context, so it may not be useful at all.

While I agree that testing performance at a system level is ultimately more relevant, if you'd like to do UnitTest style load testing for Python, FunkLoad http://funkload.nuxeo.org/ does exactly that.

Micro benchmarks have their place when you're trying to speed up a specific action in your codebase. And getting subsequent performance unit tests done is a useful way to ensure that this action that you just optimized does not unintentionally regress in performance upon future commits.

MarkR is right... doing real-world performance testing is key, and may be somewhat dodgey in unit tests. Having said that, have a look at the cProfile module in the standard library. It will at least be useful for giving you a relative sense from commit-to-commit of how fast things are running, and you can run it within a unit test, though of course you'll get results in the details that include the overhead of the unit test framework itself.

In all, though, if your objective is zero-tolerance, you'll need something much more robust than this... cProfile in a unit test won't cut it at all, and may be misleading.