Maximum number of concurrent connections on a single port (socket) of Server

This depends in part on your operating system.

There is however no limit on a specific port. There is a limit on the number of concurrent connections however, typically limited by the number of file descriptors the kernel supports (eg 2048).

The thing to remember is that a TCP connection is unique and a connection is a pair of end points (local and remote IP address and port) so it doesn't matter if 1000 connections connect to the same port on a server because the connections are all still unique because the other end is different.

The other limit to be aware of is that a machine can only make about 64K outbound connections or the kernel limit on connections, whichever is lower. That's because port is an unsigned 16 bit number (0-65535) and each outbound connection uses one of those ports.

You can extend this by giving a machine additional IP addresses. Each IP address is another address space of 64K addresses.

More than you care about. Or rather.

• More than your code can actually handle (for other reasons)
• More than your clients will actually make
• More than you can handle on a single box for performance reasons
• More than you need on a single box because your load balancers will distribute them amongst several for availability reasons anyway

I can guarantee that it is more than all of those. There are scalability limitations with large numbers of sockets, which can be worked around (Google for the c10k problem). In practice it is possible to have more than 10,000 sockets usefully used by a single process under Linux. If you have multiple processes per server, you can increase that up again.

It is not necessary to use a single port, as your dedicated load-balancers will be able to round-robin several ports if needed.

If you are running a service for many 10s of 1000s of client processes, it is probably fairly important that it keeps working, therefore you will need several servers for redunancy ANYWAY. Therefore you won't have a problem deploying a few more servers.

I did a testing on Windows, doing multiple loopback connections onto a single socket. Windows refused to allocate anything after 16372 mark.