OpenCV VideoWriter will not open
Looking at the output of make, I've found that it says NO to installation of gstreamer, which is a must for multimedia handling. This is the missing link.
Try sudo apt-get install libgstreamer0.10-0-dbg libgstreamer0.10-0 libgstreamer0.10-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev .
This should solve your problem.
I've had similar issue on Mac OS 10.9 (Mavericks). I've solved it be reinstalling Opencv with ffmpeg support (i'm not sure whether i've reinstalled it after manually installing ffmpeg or whether brew handled it). On mac installing OpenCV with ffmpeg support was just one command - brew install opencv --with-ffmpeg (description of this option -> "Build with ffmpeg support"). I'm sure apt-get should have similar option.
You may also try this solution - http://www.ozbotz.org/opencv-installation-2-3-1/ It's quite old, but after small changes should work with current OpenCV version.