async/await behaviour of mongoose findById

My console.logs are not even being called.

That's correct behavior. It's an async function and you're awaiting a function returning a promise. That means rejections are modelled as exceptions, terminating the checkForRecord function.

Why is that error not being set to result, as my operation is async ?

Because it's not a resolution value (which is what await gives you), it's a rejection/exception. It may help to look at what the de-sugared vesion of checkForRecord looks like, replacing async and await with their underlying promise operations:

// checkForRecord with async/await desugared to their underyling Promise operationsconst checkForRecord = (id) => {    let model = mongoose.model('User');    let query = {};    query.dummy = false; // <== To cause an error, this field is not used    return model.findById(id, query).then(value => {        let result = value;        console.log('Code reached here !!!');        console.log(result);    });};

As you can see, you don't get to the console.logs because they're in a resolution handler; but a rejection doesn't go to a resolution handler, it goes to a rejection handler.

To be clear: I'm not saying you need to change checkForRecord. I'm just showing you what the async/await becomes (in effect) at runtime.

Your checkForRecord is fine (other than a missing => and not having the comment on the query.dummy line commented). You'd use it like this in an async function:

try {    checkForRecord(someId);} catch (e) {    // Handle the error here}

...or like this if not in an async function:

checkForRecord(someId).catch(e => {    // Handle the error here});