Chef template - Conditionally inserting a block of text
assuming you have an attribute
node[:test][:bool] = true
in the template would have to do
<% if node[:apache][:bool] -%> ServerAlias <% = node[:apache][:aliasl]%><% end -%>
another option is to check if the attribute is null
<% unless node [:icinga][:core][:server_alias].nil? %> ServerAlias <% = node[:icinga][:core][:server_alias]%><% end%>