try this:
variable var DATEexec :var := '15-OCT-13'
and then your select with using :var in it
I have found a way to add variables for the sql query as follows
DEFINE RES_DT = TO_DATE('11-AUG-15');
And also to access the variable through the query we have to use '&' notation as follows
select * from customer where assign_date = &RES_DT;