You get D010 because alphabetically, D010 comes after D0012 or said another way, D01 comes after D00 and therefore anything that is D01x comes after anything that starts D00x.
D010
D0012
D01
D00
D01x
D00x
below code is working for me as per your expectation
select max(to_number(regexp_substr(id, '\d+'))) id from <yourtable>;
this should work
Select MAX(ID) from table where IsNumeric(ID) = 1 ;