Dependency Isolation and Declaration in PHP
You could maybe take a look at PHP_CompatInfo.
This won't take care of reporting the information in any config files but it will tell you what your PHP code needs to run.
Composer's alternative to Bundler's bundle exec is composer exec. Check out the docs: https://getcomposer.org/doc/03-cli.md#exec
There is a tool which allows to distribute your PHP application based on symfony2 via debian package system. See https://github.com/mjollnir/sf2debpkg