xdebug Time-out connecting to client. :-( using phpstorm 7.1.3/vagrant/virtualbox/magento
To answer your confusion directly, two settings stand out. They are xdebug.remote_host and xdebug.remote_connect_back. The former setting's IP is incorrect, especially in a Vagrant setup. It should be something like 10.0.2.2. Furthermore, the latter setting should not be defined and enabled. When it is enabled, it completely ignores the former setting, thus rendering it useless. To summarize, the former setting is wrong, and the latter setting ignores it, but that latter setting is also wrong. These settings are only part of the reason Xdebug will not work, though.
Extended: setup Xdebug in PhpStorm with Vagrant
Vagrant introduces a layer of complexity not present in a standard, non-virtualized development environment. While the points above are probably correct, there are still additional settings and procedures that need to be followed in order to run Xdebug in PhpStorm through Vagrant. I struggled with this for a while, and after several failed attempts, succeeded in getting a connection. There is also a big deficit in documentation available online to achieve this kind of setup, so after successfully getting the whole setup working, I documented the guidelines on my blog. The entire setup process is described in detail, peppered with relevant screenshots. I also use CentOS 6.5 64bit, and the guidelines reflect that. It has even been tested against Magento.