Bamboo remote build agent cannot find powershell.exe after installing nodejs
If you do a default installation of nodejs you will see that it adds nodejs and npm to the path. Sometimes I have seen that the installer adds a user variable named PATH - it might be that the Bamboo agent decides to read the user path without "merging" it with the system path. I think it would be worth a try to give that a look.
As per Atlassian support page, this is related to a bug in Java Service Wrapper. I tried Workaround-2 since there was no user PATH variable in my system. I had to uninstall bamboo agent service and Java 64 versions from the agent machine to apply the workaround-2.