Enable Windows 10 Developer Mode programmatically

Turns out Nickolaj Andersen has written an article which includes just such a PowerShell script..

http://www.scconfigmgr.com/2016/09/11/enable-ubuntu-in-windows-10-during-osd-with-configmgr/

Here are the relevant lines extracted from his post:

# Create AppModelUnlock if it doesn't exist, required for enabling Developer Mode$RegistryKeyPath = "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\AppModelUnlock"if (-not(Test-Path -Path $RegistryKeyPath)) {    New-Item -Path $RegistryKeyPath -ItemType Directory -Force}# Add registry value to enable Developer ModeNew-ItemProperty -Path $RegistryKeyPath -Name AllowDevelopmentWithoutDevLicense -PropertyType DWORD -Value 1

I modified the accepted answer and ended up with the following script:

param([Switch]$WaitForKey)if (([Version](Get-CimInstance Win32_OperatingSystem).version).Major -lt 10){    Write-Host -ForegroundColor Red "The DeveloperMode is only supported on Windows 10"    exit 1}# Get the ID and security principal of the current user account$myWindowsID=[System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent()$myWindowsPrincipal=new-object System.Security.Principal.WindowsPrincipal($myWindowsID)# Get the security principal for the Administrator role$adminRole=[System.Security.Principal.WindowsBuiltInRole]::Administratorif ($myWindowsPrincipal.IsInRole($adminRole)){    $RegistryKeyPath = "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\AppModelUnlock"    if (! (Test-Path -Path $RegistryKeyPath))     {        New-Item -Path $RegistryKeyPath -ItemType Directory -Force    }    if (! (Get-ItemProperty -Path $RegistryKeyPath -Name AllowDevelopmentWithoutDevLicense))    {        # Add registry value to enable Developer Mode        New-ItemProperty -Path $RegistryKeyPath -Name AllowDevelopmentWithoutDevLicense -PropertyType DWORD -Value 1    }    $feature = Get-WindowsOptionalFeature -FeatureName Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux -Online    if ($feature -and ($feature.State -eq "Disabled"))    {        Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -FeatureName Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux -Online -All -LimitAccess -NoRestart    }    if ($WaitForKey)    {        Write-Host -NoNewLine "Press any key to continue..."        $null = $Host.UI.RawUI.ReadKey("NoEcho,IncludeKeyDown")    }}else{   # We are not running "as Administrator" - so relaunch as administrator   # Create a new process object that starts PowerShell   $newProcess = new-object System.Diagnostics.ProcessStartInfo "PowerShell";   # Specify the current script path and name as a parameter   $newProcess.Arguments = "-NoProfile",$myInvocation.MyCommand.Definition,"-WaitForKey";   # Indicate that the process should be elevated   $newProcess.Verb = "runas";   # Start the new process   [System.Diagnostics.Process]::Start($newProcess);   # Exit from the current, unelevated, process   exit}

It automatically elevates itself, if not already running elevated and enables the optional feature mentioned by Julian Knight.