Printing Unicode characters to the PowerShell prompt

This is not a PowerShell deficiency. It is a deficiency with the Windows console subsystem which PowerShell.exe uses. The console subsystem does not support Unicode but code pages instead which dates back to the DOS days. The PowerShell V2 fix is provided via the PowerShell Integrated Scripting Environment or PowerShell_ISE.exe. This is a graphical app based on WPF which can handle Unicode characters easily.

In theory you could change the code page using chcp or

[Console]::OutputEncoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::GetEncoding(850)

to display different characters but I haven't had much luck with this. You'd also need to find a code page that contains the character you want to display.

Prints semi-fine here. Consolas doesn't have a glyph for that character, so all I see in the console window is a replacement glyph. But PowerShell accepts and prints it just fine, as you can see when copy-pasting it.

Now, if you have set your console window to raster fonts, then the story is a little different, but PowerShell luckily has sane defaults.

You can't using the default PowerShell (i.e. windows) console. However, if you use the PowerShell ISE (which provides its own console), it will work. I am not sure if this will meet your needs though.