How to install pip for Python 3.6 on Ubuntu 16.10?

Let's suppose that you have a system running Ubuntu 16.04, 16.10, or 17.04, and you want Python 3.6 to be the default Python.

If you're using Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, you'll need to use a PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jonathonf/python-3.6  # (only for 16.04 LTS)

Then, run the following (this works out-of-the-box on 16.10 and 17.04):

sudo apt updatesudo apt install python3.6sudo apt install python3.6-devsudo apt install python3.6-venvwget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.pysudo python3.6 get-pip.pysudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/local/bin/python3sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip /usr/local/bin/pip3# Do this only if you want python3 to be the default Python# instead of python2 (may be dangerous, esp. before 2020):# sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/local/bin/python

When you have completed all of the above, each of the following shell commands should indicate Python 3.6.1 (or a more recent version of Python 3.6):

python --version   # (this will reflect your choice, see above)python3 --version$(head -1 `which pip` | tail -c +3) --version$(head -1 `which pip3` | tail -c +3) --version

In at least in ubuntu 16.10, the default python3 is python3.5. As such, all of the python3-X packages will be installed for python3.5 and not for python3.6.

You can verify this by checking the shebang of pip3:

$ head -n1 $(which pip3)#!/usr/bin/python3

Fortunately, the pip installed by the python3-pip package is installed into the "shared" /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages such that python3.6 can also take advantage of it.

You can install packages for python3.6 by doing:

python3.6 -m pip install ...

For example:

$ python3.6 -m pip install requests$ python3.6 -c 'import requests; print(requests.__file__)'/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/requests/__init__.py

This answer assumes that you have python3.6 installed. For python3.7, replace 3.6 with 3.7. For python3.8, replace 3.6 with 3.8, but it may also first require the python3.8-distutils package.

Installation with sudo

With regard to installing pip, using curl (instead of wget) avoids writing the file to disk.

curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | sudo -H python3.6

The -H flag is evidently necessary with sudo in order to prevent errors such as the following when installing pip for an updated python interpreter:

The directory '/home/someuser/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.

The directory '/home/someuser/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.

Installation without sudo

curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3.6 - --user

This may sometimes give a warning such as:

WARNING: The script wheel is installed in '/home/ubuntu/.local/bin' which is not on PATH. Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.

Verification

After this, pip, pip3, and pip3.6 can all be expected to point to the same target:

$ (pip -V && pip3 -V && pip3.6 -V) | uniqpip 18.0 from /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages (python 3.6)

Of course you can alternatively use python3.6 -m pip as well.

$ python3.6 -m pip -Vpip 18.0 from /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages (python 3.6)