Access a function variable outside the function without using "global"

You could do something along these lines (which worked in both Python v2.7.17 and v3.8.1 when I tested it/them):

def hi():    # other code...    hi.bye = 42  # Create function attribute.    sigh = 10hi()print(hi.bye)  # -> 42

Functions are objects in Python and can have arbitrary attributes assigned to them.

If you're going to be doing this kind of thing often, you could implement something more generic by creating a function decorator that adds a this argument to each call to the decorated function.

This additional argument will give functions a way to reference themselves without needing to explicitly embed (hardcode) their name into the rest of the definition and is similar to the instance argument that class methods automatically receive as their first argument which is usually named self — I picked something different to avoid confusion, but like the self argument, it can be named whatever you wish.

Here's an example of that approach:

def add_this_arg(func):    def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):        return func(wrapped, *args, **kwargs)    return wrapped@add_this_argdef hi(this, that):    # other code...    this.bye = 2 * that  # Create function attribute.    sigh = 10hi(21)print(hi.bye)  # -> 42

Note

This doesn't work for class methods. Just use the instance argument, named self by convention, that's already passed to methods instead of the method's name. You can reference class-level attributes through type(self). See Function's attributes when in a class.

The problem is you were calling print x.bye after you set x as a string. When you run x = hi() it runs hi() and sets the value of x to 5 (the value of bye; it does NOT set the value of x as a reference to the bye variable itself). EX: bye = 5; x = bye; bye = 4; print x; prints 5, not 4

Also, you don't have to run hi() twice, just run x = hi(), not hi();x=hi() (the way you had it it was running hi(), not doing anything with the resulting value of 5, and then rerunning the same hi() and saving the value of 5 to the x variable.

So full code should be

def hi():    something    something    bye = 5    return bye x = hi()print x

If you wanted to return multiple variables, one option would be to use a list, or dictionary, depending on what you need.

ex:

def hi():    something    xyz = { 'bye': 7, 'foobar': 8}    return xyzx = hi()print x['bye']

more on python dictionaries at http://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/datastructures.html#dictionaries

I've experienced the same problem. One of the responds to your question led me to the following idea (which worked eventually). I use Python 3.7.

    # just an example     def func(): # define a function       func.y = 4 # here y is a local variable, which I want to access; func.y defines                   # a method for my example function which will allow me to access                   # function's local variable y       x = func.y + 8 # this is the main task for the function: what it should do       return x    func() # now I'm calling the function    a = func.y # I put it's local variable into my new variable    print(a) # and print my new variable

Then I launch this program in Windows PowerShell and get the answer 4. Conclusion: to be able to access a local function's variable one might add the name of the function and a dot before the name of the local variable (and then, of course, use this construction for calling the variable both in the function's body and outside of it). I hope this will help.