Does Python have a string 'contains' substring method?

You can use the in operator:

if "blah" not in somestring:     continue

If it's just a substring search you can use string.find("substring").

You do have to be a little careful with find, index, and in though, as they are substring searches. In other words, this:

s = "This be a string"if s.find("is") == -1:    print("No 'is' here!")else:    print("Found 'is' in the string.")

It would print Found 'is' in the string. Similarly, if "is" in s: would evaluate to True. This may or may not be what you want.

Does Python have a string contains substring method?

99% of use cases will be covered using the keyword, in, which returns True or False:

'substring' in any_string

For the use case of getting the index, use str.find (which returns -1 on failure, and has optional positional arguments):

start = 0stop = len(any_string)any_string.find('substring', start, stop)

or str.index (like find but raises ValueError on failure):

start = 100 end = 1000any_string.index('substring', start, end)

Explanation

Use the in comparison operator because

1. the language intends its usage, and
2. other Python programmers will expect you to use it.

>>> 'foo' in '**foo**'True

The opposite (complement), which the original question asked for, is not in:

>>> 'foo' not in '**foo**' # returns FalseFalse

This is semantically the same as not 'foo' in '**foo**' but it's much more readable and explicitly provided for in the language as a readability improvement.

Avoid using __contains__

The "contains" method implements the behavior for in. This example,

str.__contains__('**foo**', 'foo')

returns True. You could also call this function from the instance of the superstring:

'**foo**'.__contains__('foo')

But don't. Methods that start with underscores are considered semantically non-public. The only reason to use this is when implementing or extending the in and not in functionality (e.g. if subclassing str):

class NoisyString(str):    def __contains__(self, other):        print(f'testing if "{other}" in "{self}"')        return super(NoisyString, self).__contains__(other)ns = NoisyString('a string with a substring inside')

and now:

>>> 'substring' in nstesting if "substring" in "a string with a substring inside"True

Don't use find and index to test for "contains"

Don't use the following string methods to test for "contains":

>>> '**foo**'.index('foo')2>>> '**foo**'.find('foo')2>>> '**oo**'.find('foo')-1>>> '**oo**'.index('foo')Traceback (most recent call last):  File "<pyshell#40>", line 1, in <module>    '**oo**'.index('foo')ValueError: substring not found

Other languages may have no methods to directly test for substrings, and so you would have to use these types of methods, but with Python, it is much more efficient to use the in comparison operator.

Also, these are not drop-in replacements for in. You may have to handle the exception or -1 cases, and if they return 0 (because they found the substring at the beginning) the boolean interpretation is False instead of True.

If you really mean not any_string.startswith(substring) then say it.

Performance comparisons

We can compare various ways of accomplishing the same goal.

import timeitdef in_(s, other):    return other in sdef contains(s, other):    return s.__contains__(other)def find(s, other):    return s.find(other) != -1def index(s, other):    try:        s.index(other)    except ValueError:        return False    else:        return Trueperf_dict = {'in:True': min(timeit.repeat(lambda: in_('superstring', 'str'))),'in:False': min(timeit.repeat(lambda: in_('superstring', 'not'))),'__contains__:True': min(timeit.repeat(lambda: contains('superstring', 'str'))),'__contains__:False': min(timeit.repeat(lambda: contains('superstring', 'not'))),'find:True': min(timeit.repeat(lambda: find('superstring', 'str'))),'find:False': min(timeit.repeat(lambda: find('superstring', 'not'))),'index:True': min(timeit.repeat(lambda: index('superstring', 'str'))),'index:False': min(timeit.repeat(lambda: index('superstring', 'not'))),}

And now we see that using in is much faster than the others.Less time to do an equivalent operation is better:

>>> perf_dict{'in:True': 0.16450627865128808, 'in:False': 0.1609668098178645, '__contains__:True': 0.24355481654697542, '__contains__:False': 0.24382793854783813, 'find:True': 0.3067379407923454, 'find:False': 0.29860888058124146, 'index:True': 0.29647137792585454, 'index:False': 0.5502287584545229}

How can in be faster than __contains__ if in uses __contains__?

This is a fine follow-on question.

Let's disassemble functions with the methods of interest:

>>> from dis import dis>>> dis(lambda: 'a' in 'b')  1           0 LOAD_CONST               1 ('a')              2 LOAD_CONST               2 ('b')              4 COMPARE_OP               6 (in)              6 RETURN_VALUE>>> dis(lambda: 'b'.__contains__('a'))  1           0 LOAD_CONST               1 ('b')              2 LOAD_METHOD              0 (__contains__)              4 LOAD_CONST               2 ('a')              6 CALL_METHOD              1              8 RETURN_VALUE

so we see that the .__contains__ method has to be separately looked up and then called from the Python virtual machine - this should adequately explain the difference.