How to enable a virtualenv in a systemd service unit?

The virtualenv is "baked into the Python interpreter in the virtualenv". This means you can launch python or console_scripts directly in that virtualenv and don't need to activate the virtualenv first or manage PATH yourself.:

ExecStart={{ venv_home }}/bin/fooservice --serve-in-foreground

or

ExecStart={{ venv_home }}/bin/python {{ venv_home }}/fooservice.py --serve-in-foreground

and remove the EnvironmentFile entry.

To verify that it is indeed correct you can check sys.path by running

{{ venv_home }}/bin/python -m site

and comparing the output to

python -m site

While the path for libraries is indeed baked into the python interpreter of the virtualenv, I've had issues with python tools that were using binaries installed in that virtualenv. For instance, my apache airflow service wouldn't work because it couldn't find the gunicorn binary. To work around this, here's my ExecStart instruction, with an Environment instruction (which sets an environment variable for the service alone).

ExecStart={{ virtualenv }}/bin/python {{ virtualenv }}/bin/airflow webserverEnvironment="PATH={{ virtualenv }}/bin:{{ ansible_env.PATH }}"

ExecStartexplicitly uses the python interpreter of the virtualenv. I'm also adding a PATH variable, which adds the binary folder of the virtualenv before the system PATH. That way, I get the desired python libraries as well as binaries.

Note that I'm using ansible to build this service, ergo the curly braces of jinja2.

I'm not using virtualenv but pyenv: here is it just to use the real .pyenv path in the shebang and make sure it is in the PATH

Ex: pyenv activate flask-prod for user mortenb which is running in prod

/home/mortenb/.pyenv/versions/flask-prod/bin/python --versionPython 3.6.2

Then to my flask scripts starting in systemd *.service I add the following shebang:

#!/home/mortenb/.pyenv/versions/flask-prod/bin/python3