setup_requires with Cython?

Starting from 18.0 release of setuptools (released on 2015-06-23) it is possible to specify Cython in setup_requires and pass *.pyx modules sources for regular setuptools.Extension:

from setuptools import setup, Extensionsetup(    # ...    setup_requires=[        # Setuptools 18.0 properly handles Cython extensions.        'setuptools>=18.0',        'cython',    ],    ext_modules=[        Extension(            'mylib',            sources=['src/mylib.pyx'],        ),    ],)

You must wrap the from Cython.Build import cythonize in a try-except, and in the except, define cythonize as a dummy function. This way the script can be loaded without failing with an ImportError.

Then later when the setup_requires argument is handled, Cython will be installed and the setup script will be re-executed. Since at that point Cython is installed, you'll be able to successfully import cythonize

try:    from Cython.Build import cythonizeexcept ImportError:     def cythonize(*args, **kwargs):         from Cython.Build import cythonize         return cythonize(*args, **kwargs)

EDIT

As noted in comments, after setuptools deals with missing dependencies, it won't re-load Cython. I hadn't thought of it before, but you could also try a late-binding approach to stubbing out cythonize

There seems to be a third way of having build dependencies installed before executing the actual setup.py described here (requires pip):

https://cython.readthedocs.io/en/latest/src/userguide/source_files_and_compilation.html#basic-setup-

In essence:

1. Create the file pyproject.toml with the following contents:

[build-system]requires = ["setuptools", "wheel", "Cython"]

2. Use pip install -e . for setting things up