sqlalchemy: create relations but without foreign key constraint in db?
Instead of defining "schema" level ForeignKey
constraints create a custom foreign condition; pass what columns you'd like to use as "foreign keys" and the primaryjoin
to relationship
. You have to manually define the primaryjoin
because:
By default, this value is computed based on the foreign key relationships of the parent and child tables (or association table).
In [2]: class A(Base): ...: a_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) ...: __tablename__ = 'a' ...: In [3]: class C(Base): ...: c_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) ...: a_id = Column(Integer) ...: __tablename__ = 'c' ...: a = relationship('A', foreign_keys=[a_id], ...: primaryjoin='A.a_id == C.a_id') ...:
Foreign keys can also be annotated inline in the primaryjoin
using foreign()
:
a = relationship('A', primaryjoin='foreign(C.a_id) == A.a_id')
You can verify that no FOREIGN KEY
constraints are emitted for table c:
In [4]: from sqlalchemy.schema import CreateTableIn [5]: print(CreateTable(A.__table__))CREATE TABLE a ( a_id INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (a_id))In [6]: print(CreateTable(C.__table__))CREATE TABLE c ( c_id INTEGER NOT NULL, a_id INTEGER, PRIMARY KEY (c_id))
Warning:
Note that without a FOREIGN KEY
constraint in place on the DB side you can blow your referential integrity to pieces any which way you want. There's a relationship at the ORM/application level, but it cannot be enforced in the DB.